Analysis of serum lipids and lipoproteins in Ethiopian diabetic patients
Seyoum, B.; Abdulkadir, J.; Berhanu, P.; Feleke, Y.; Mengistu, Z.; Worku, Y.; Ayana, G.
Ethiopian Medical Journal 41(1): 1-8
2003
ISSN/ISBN: 0014-1755 PMID: 12764995 Document Number: 560183
Serum lipids and lipoproteins were determined in 302 randomly selected diabetic patients attending the Tikur Anbessa Hospital diabetic clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 1994 to March 1995. The main objective of the study was to analyse lipid levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Lipid measurement was done by cholesterol pap method. The mean age was 41.4+or-14.4 years (range 14-85 years). One hundred and sixty (53%) were males and 142 (47%) were females. There were 140 (46.4%) type 1 and 162 (53.6%) type 2 patients. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus, haemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose were 9.4+or-5.4 years, 10.4+or-2.2%, 195.5+or-79.9 mg/dl and 273.1+or-114.5 mg/dl, respectively. The mean cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were 166.5+or-45.5 mg/dl, 129.9+or-92.4 mg/dl, 94.5+or-36.4 mg/dl, 24.4+or-15.1 mg/dl and 44.3+or-11.5 mg/dl, respectively. Hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia were seen in 18.5% and 14.2% of the patients. Total cholesterol was significantly higher in females than in males and in type 2 than in type 1 patients (179.3+or-48.4 mg/dl vs. 154.1+or-38.2 mg/dl, P<0.01 and 183.2+or-43.7 mg/dl vs. 145.9+or-37.6 mg/dl, P<0.001), respectively. Triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were also significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in type 1 diabetic patients (162.7+or-10.5 mg/dl vs. 91.5+or-53.3 mg/dl; P<0.001 and 105.6+or-36.2 mg/dl vs. 81.9+or-32.2 mg/dl, P<0.001), but HDL cholesterol was the same in both types of diabetic patients. Similarly, hyperlipidaemia was associated with obesity and hypertension. The study confirms that lipid values are high particularly in type 2 diabetic patients. Hence our patients are at increased risk of developing atherosclerosis therefore periodic check up of lipids in diabetic patients and effective treatment of the dyslipidaemia along with a tight metabolic control are recommended.