Studies on human lactation. I. Diet survey of lactating women in different socio-economic groups and the effects of socio-economic status and stage of lactation on the proximate principles and essential aminoacids of human milk
Karmarkar, M.G.; Kapur, J.; Deodhar, A.D.; Ramakrishnan, C.V.
Indian Journal of Medical Research 47(3): 344-351
1959
ISSN/ISBN: 0019-5340 PMID: 13664339 Document Number: 2763
The subjects were 232 lactating women whose stage of lactation at the time of the study varied from 0 to over 12 months. Mean intakes of the very poor, poor, middle- and upper middle-class groups, found by questioning each woman about her food intake were, respectively, protein 40, 46, 47, 55 g., fat 28, 60, 77, 108 g., energy 1440, 1870, 1910, 2280 Cal., Ca 279, 676, 701, 1089 mg. Samples of breast milk were obtained by expressing the milk between 2 feeds, at about 3 p.m. Results of analyses are tabulated. Milk from the very poor women contained significantly less fat than that from the other groups, but values for lactose, protein, casein and the sum of lactalbumin and lactoglobulin were similar in the 4 groups. Histidine, arginine and threonine in milk from the middle-class group were higher, and histidine, valine and lysine in milk from the very poor group lower than in milk from the other groups. Contents of fat, protein, casein and lactalbumin plus lactoglobulin showed sharp falls after the first month of lactation and then remained steady. Leucine and lysine fell after 3 months; other amino acids decreased at the end of the first month of lactation.
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