Household income, health and education in a rural area of Myanmar
Ohnmar; Than-Tun-Sein; Ko-Ko-Zaw; Saw-Saw; Soe-Win
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 36(2): 529-533
2005
ISSN/ISBN: 0125-1562 PMID: 15916066 Document Number: 588887
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2002 to determine the relationship between a commonly used social stratification indicator, net equivalent income, and self-rated health, long-term disability, visual acuity status, death rate, birth rate, unsafe delivery and school enrollment in a rural area of Myanmar. Data were collected from 3558 respondents in 805 households of all ages. Data analysis for various items was based on different age groups. The results from two income groups (highest and lowest) were as follows: the percentage values of those who self-rated their health as very good were 17.8% and 10.4% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted coefficient=0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11-0.50); an acute medical condition was found in 16.3% and 20.8% of the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68); long-term disability was found in 15.3% and 21.2% of the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR=1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.84); and poor visual acuity at a distance of 13 feet were found in 8.1% and 13.5% of the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.18-2.30). The birth rate ratio was 1.3, the mortality ratio was 1.2, and school enrollment was found in 92.8% and 83.2% of the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR=0.34; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8). These results indicate that there is an urgent need to strengthen the health care infrastructure and educational system, targeting the poor in rural areas.