Employment and income from non-agricultural sources in rural East Java: some preliminary findings
Bandiyono, S.; Conroy, J.D.
Off farm employment in the development of rural Asia Papers presented at a conference held in Chiang Mai Thailand 23 to 26 August 1983 1: 327-367
1986
Document Number: 514561
The migration survey conducted by LEKNAS/LIPI with UNFPA support in October 1981 was designed to throw light on a wide range of issues related to the mobility of the Indonesian population. The data used in this paper, relating to rural landholding, land use, economic activity and income, were collected to assist in understanding the causes and consequences of internal migration and mobility. However, the focus of the paper is not on mobility but rather on rural economic activity outside agriculture. And since, in rural East Java at least, so much of this economic activity is a consequence of the necessity for many landless or near-landless people to earn a living outside agriculture, the starting point for a discussion is the pattern and distribution of rural land ownership, and employment and income generated within agriculture. The paper provides details of the sample, and then examines the data under the headings: activities of the rural population, occupations of the economically active, industrial classification of the economically active, individuals with two economic activities, seasonal patterns of activity, and incomes in farm and off-farm employment.