Comparative nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin in rats evaluated by urinalysis
Kitasato, I.; Niizato, T.; Inouye, S.
Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research 15(6-7): 273-289
1989
ISSN/ISBN: 0378-6501 PMID: 2591299 Document Number: 344156
The nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin was compared by urinalysis using 18 parameters. When a dose of 40 mg/kg per day was administered intramuscularly to Fischer rats for 14 days, ribostamycin caused little change of parameters in urine volume, urine osmolality, urine protein, maltase and .beta.2-microglobulin. A slight increase with ribostamycin was observed in .alpha.-fucosidase, .beta.-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and potassium, and a moderate increase was observed in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, gentamicin caused a large alteration in most parameters. Both antibiotics caused a change if the isoenzyme pattern of LDH1-5, but the pattern with ribostamycin was much closer to the normal pattern than with gentamicin. When a dose of 80 mg/kg of ribostamycin was compared with 10 mg/kg of gentmicin, alteration of urinary parameters was almost comparable. Histopathological observations of the kidney specimens of rats given 40 mg/kg per day showed no histological damage with ribostamycin except for a slight increase and enlargement of lysosomes of the proximal epithelial cells. However, significant histological damage was observed with gentamicin, consistent with the results obtained from urinalysis. Renal accumulation of ribostamycin at single dose of 20 mg/kg was three times less than that of gentamicin. Ribostamycin caused slightly less nephrotoxicity in rats than kanamycin and far less than dibekacin at an equal dosage of 40 mg/kg per day for 14 days.