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International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper No. 15/5. Acute aldehyde syndrome and chronic aldehydism

von Wartburg, J.P.

Mutation Research 186(3): 249-259

1987

ISSN/ISBN: 0027-5107
PMID: 3313031
Document Number: 289098
Different types of alcohol dehydrogenase and of aldehyde dehydrogenase lead to different blood acetaldehyde levels. With respect to acetaldehyde levels in human blood 3 types can be distinguished: (1) the normal range, (2) the acute aldehyde syndrome, and (3) the chronic aldehydism. Acetaldehyde is electrophilic and reacts with nucleophilic groups of various macromolecules including DNA. Acetyldehyde inhibits synthetic and metabolic pathways, it interferes with the polymerization of tubulin and stimulates collagen synthesis. By depletion of cellular glutathione levels, acetaldehyde leads to lipid peroxidation and to the formation of malonaldehyde. There are indications that acetaldehyde may play a role in positively reinforcing mood changes induced by alcohol in humans.

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