Alcoholic heart disease
Pirozhkov, S.V.; Panchenko, L.F.
Kardiologiia 53(8): 87-92
2013
ISSN/ISBN: 0022-9040 PMID: 24088007 Document Number: 667919
We present in this review contemporary views on pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy has features of dilated cardiomyopathy and is manifested by increased volume and hypertrophy of the left ventricle, diminished contractile capacity, and when decompensated - by lowering of cardiac output. Pathogenic action of alcohol on cardiomyocytes leads to activation of apoptosis, dysfunction of intracellular organelles, alterations of the system of myofilaments, disorder of intracellular homeostasis of calcium. Ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde, products of minor pathway of catecholamine metabolism, changes in the endocannabinoid system, and activation of processes of lipid peroxidation all contribute to the myocardial damage. The basis of pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy constitute proliferation of microperoxisomes and disbalance between acyloxidase and catalase leading to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide inside myocytes.