Production of value added products from separately collected urine
Behrendt, J.; Arevalo, E.; Gulyas, H.; Niederste-Hollenberg, J.; Niemlec, A.; Zhou, J.; Otterpohl, R.
Water Science and Technology a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research 46(6-7): 341-346
2002
ISSN/ISBN: 0273-1223 PMID: 12381010 Document Number: 546322
The study investigates the production of isobuthylaldehyde-di-urea (IBDU) from urine as well as the air stripping production of ammonium-water with a concentration of at least 10%. Isobutyric aldehyde (IBA) reacts with urea and forms the slow release fertilizer IBDU. Using urine, the IBDU-yield is only satisfactory when working with extreme excess of IBA due to low urea concentrations. When the urine was concentrated by evaporation prior to the reaction with IBA, yields of >1 were achieved. Very small units are necessary for the production of ammonia water from human urine in relation to a conventional WWTP with nitrogen removal (approximately 4000 m3) and without N removal (approximately 1000 m3).