Heart rate and blood pressure responses to +Gz following varied-duration -Gz
Goodman, L.S.; Banks, R.D.; Grissett, J.D.; Saunders, P.L.
Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 71(2): 137-141
2000
ISSN/ISBN: 0095-6562 PMID: 10685587 Document Number: 518142
Background: The push-pull effect has been defined previously as decreased +Gz tolerance caused by previous baseline zero or -Gz exposure. Earlier work indicates that the delay in BP (BP) recovery during +Gz is a function of time at -Gz, and is due to the lengthened time-course of sympathetically mediated peripheral vasoconstriction. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether heart rate (HR) varies with BP as duration at preceding -Gz increased. Methods: Continuous ECG R-R interval data from 15 s of +2.25Gz after preceding 2, 5, 10, or 15 s at -2Gz obtained from previous experiments were analyzed and compared with the previously reported BP data. Repeated measures ANOVA and regression analyses were used to compare +2.25Gz HR responses after the four -Gz conditions and one control +2.25Gz condition. Results: An initial rapid rise in HR was observed for all conditions with a consistent steady-state plateau achieved after the first 7 s of +2.25Gz. However, there were significant differences in mean HR attained during the +2.25Gz plateau for preceding 15 s -2.0 Gz vs. the control, 2, 5, and 10s -Gz conditions (109 +- 1.1 vs. 102 +- 1.8, 100 +- 2.0, 97 +- 1.1 and 101 +- 1.1, bpm, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusions: HR, unlike BP, increases briskly across all preceding -Gz time conditions, adapting within the initial baroreflex-compensatory time frame typically expected for +Gz exposures. These results suggest there may be a threshold effect for HR response. Consequently, vasoconstrictor response is a critical adaptive mechanism during +Gz when preceded by long (>10 s) -Gz exposures.