Studies on intra-uterine device in Uttar Pradesh: a review
Singh, R.P.
Popcen News Letter. Population Centre 6(1): 7-13
1980
PMID: 12261928 Document Number: 499296
The 14 studies on IUDs undertaken in Uttar Pradesh between 1965 and 1980 are broadly similar although variations in reporting and analysis make exact comparisons difficult. Age of acceptors has declined from an average of 32.5 years before 1970 to 31 year in recent studies, with urban acceptors younger than rural, and copper-T acceptors younger than Lippers loop acceptors. Lippes loop acceptors in rural areas had 4.1 living children in the 1960s compared to 3.4 in 1979. 15% of acceptors had prior experience with another method of contraception in 1965, compared to 34% recently. 3 studies indicated that expulsion rates after 9 months for lippes loops have measured from 15 to 24% between 1967 and 1979, while another study of urban women found a 5% expulsion of copper Ts after 12 months compared to 19% for Lippes loops. Removal rates of 22.5% were found after 9 months in rural areas in studies done in the 1960s and recently, while the removal rate in urban areas was 30%. The copper T had a removal rate of 13% after 12 months compared to 37% for Lippes loops. The percentage of Lippes loop acceptors reporting no side effects declined from 68-73% before 1967 to 55-59% after 1967. Insertions done by paramedical personnel had fewer side effects and lower expulsion and removal rates than those done by physicians.