Race, Surplus Population and the Marxist Theory of Imperialism
Michael McIntyre
Antipode 43(5): 1489-1515
2011
ISSN/ISBN: 0066-4812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8330.2011.00898.xDocument Number: 414826
This paper argues that capitalist accumulation requires imperialist expansion, and that this expansion creates a raced surplus laboring population. The argument proceeds in seven parts: that Marx's assertion in chapter 25 of Capital that capitalism produces an ever-increasing relative surplus population is tenable in all but the longest of time frames; that imperial expansion played an important role in the transition to capitalism, though not for the reasons traditionally given; that overinvestment rather than the increasing organic composition of capital best explains imperial expansion in the capitalist era; that the uneven development of capitalism produces at the same time an uneven development of the surplus laboring population; that race has served as a mark of membership in the surplus laboring population; that by intertwining itself with the surplus laboring population, race serves to perpetuate itself despite its contradictions; and that despite this resilience, the contradictions of race also set in process conflicts that make it possible to overcome imperialism.