The creation of a relative surplus population: a case study from Mexico
Young, K.
Women and development The sexual division of labor in rural societies: 149-177
1983
Document Number: 410489
The chapter discusses the reasons behind female migration from a rural area. The analysis is based on the transformation of some rural communities in the mountainous area of Oaxaca, Mexico, since the 1940s. It describes the changes generated by the introduction of cash crops, particularly coffee, into the area, and by the establishment of ties with the national and international markets. The ensuing changes in agrarian structures and technology created a "surplus" population, which led to an out-migration; the flow reached such proportions that by 1970 an absolute population decline was registered despite high birth rates. Women migrants, mostly young daughters, outnumbered men for reasons ranging from the fact that subsistence production fell upon men to the undermining of women's activities by technological change and by the industrially produced goods available in the market. An additional reason was the greater availability of employment for young women in the urban economy.
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