Preliminary observations on language and learning in XXY boys
Walzer, S.; Graham, J.M.; Bashir, A.S.; Silbert, A.R.
Birth Defects Original Article Series 18(4): 185-192
1982
ISSN/ISBN: 0547-6844 PMID: 7159718 Document Number: 185980
Difficulties with processing, storing and retrieving, and producing linguistic information were particularly evident among the XXY boys. These decrements in abilities were associated with decreased achievement in a variety of reading and spelling tasks in this study as well as in that of Graham et al [4]. The data suggest that a continuum of language disability is present throughout the early life of these children and is associated with the XXY anomaly. Furthermore, when considered in relation to cross-sectional observations on older Turner syndrome patients, these data suggest the possibility that pathologic variations in sex chromosome complements may differentially affect brain development and subsequent functioning of the children.