A review of Simulium damnosum s.l. and human onchocerciasis in Nigeria, with special reference to geographical distribution and the development of a Nigerian national control campaign
Crosskey, R.W.
Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 32(1): 2-16
1981
ISSN/ISBN: 0303-4208 PMID: 7015637 Document Number: 176902
The confirmed geographical distribution of onchocerciasis in man and its vectors of the complex of Simulium damnosum Theo. in Nigeria is reviewed with the aim of defining the endemic zones of the disease relevant to the planning of a Nigerian national onchocerciasis control campaign. Five major endemic zones are recognised, a terminology suggested for them, their sizes estimated, and the disease and vector situation within each zone briefly described; 4 of the zones are in savanna areas in the north of the country, and the fifth in forest-savanna mosaic and forest areas of the south-west. Other areas where disease and/or vectors have been reported are briefly considered. Maps are included of known vector breeding sites, of disease distribution, and of the approximate extent of the anticipated control zones. The scanty available data on the cytospecies identity of the vectors, vector biting rates, and transmission potentials of Onchocerca volvulus are reviewed, and it is stressed that acquisition of distribution data for the individual members of the complex and of annual transmission potential data are essential for the planning of control measures. A historical resume, accompanied by a comprehensive bibliography of the published literature, of the work carried out in Nigeria to date is included.