The nucleation and growth kinetics of calcium oxalate in the presence of some synthetic urine constituents
Rodgers, A.L.; Garside, J.
Investigative Urology 18(8): 484-488
1981
ISSN/ISBN: 0021-0005 PMID: 7228583 Document Number: 174656
Quantitative nucleation and growth kinetics of calcium oxalate was determined in the presence of various combinations of urine constituents, using a continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer and a Coulter counter. Nucleation rates of calcium oxalate from the pure component system were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those from an artificial urine. The presence of citrate inhibited nucleation rates under both conditions. The ions Na+, K+, NH4+, Cl- and SO42- did not affect the overall kinetics in the synthetic urine. Di- and tri-hydrate products were formed, except when crystallizing from pure components, when only the thermodynamically stable monohydrate was observed.