Carcinogenic and mutagenic activities of milk from cows fed bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum)
Pamukcu, A.M.; Ertürk, E.; Yalçiner, S.; Milli, U.; Bryan, G.T.
Cancer Research 38(6): 1556-1560
1978
ISSN/ISBN: 0008-5472 PMID: 348303 Document Number: 131049
Carcinogenicity, toxicity and mutagenicity of the milk of bracken fern (BP)-fed cows were determined. Four Brown Swiss cows were fed a BF-containing diet, and 2 cows were fed a normal hay-grain diet. The milk obtained was fed to rats as fresh or freeze-dried powdered milk mixed with grain diet: 9 of 34 fed whole milk and 11 of 56 fed powdered milk diet developed small intestine, kidney or urinary bladder carcinomas within 117 wk, while 0 of 70 rats fed whole or powdered milk from cows receiving a normal diet and 0 of 20 rats fed a basic grain diet displayed neoplasia of these organs. Six organic solvent extract fractions of milk were prepared from BF- or normal diet-fed cows. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions displayed the highest murine acute toxicity. The murine bladder carcinogenicity of prepared fractions was assessed by the pellet implantation technique. Diethyl ether fractions from milk of BF-fed cows induced bladder carcinoma in 10 of 24 mice compared with the corresponding fraction of normal diet-fed cows (3 of 19) or mice exposed to only the cholesterol vehicle (5 of 30, 6 of 40) (P < 0.01). Four organic solvent extract fractions of milk obtained from BF- or normal diet-fed cows were prepared and tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. The chloroform:methanol fraction from BF-fed cows demonstrated mutagenic activity for TA 100 but not for TA 98.