Prevalence of Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus in two Teaching Hospitals in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Singh, K.; Mannell, A.; Bizos, D.; Hale, M.
South African Journal of Surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Chirurgie 55(2): 54
2017
ISSN/ISBN: 0038-2361 PMID: 28876648 Document Number: 692260
Oesophageal carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and sixth most common cause of cancer related mortality. The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has rapidly risen over the past decades; however squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus remains the most common worldwide. The prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma is high in South Africa and contributes significantly to the burden of disease. The prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma is greater than that of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus but no recent local data is available. This study is Aimed at evaluating the cases of oesophageal carcinoma currently presenting to our institutions. This was a retrospective study of all the cases of oesophageal malignancy recorded on the NHLS database at CMJAH and CHBAH from 01 January 2001-31 December 2013. Demographic variables including age, gender and population group where noted were recorded. The prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma in our two teaching hospitals was on a downward trend. There was a significant decrease noted in the SCC subtype. The AC subtype prevalence was on an upward trend. The change of prevalence of AC was determined using chi square analysis and showed a strong level of significance with p < 0.01. This study shows trends in the prevalence of oesophageal carcinoma in keeping with that of western populations. Further reduction in the incidence of oesophageal carcinoma in South Africa will necessitate education and screening programs similar to those in western populations.