Rotavirus epidemiology before and after vaccine introduction
Assis, A.ês.S.F.; Valle, D.A.; Antunes, G.R.; Tibiriça, S.H.C.; Assis, R.M.S.d.; Leite, J.é P.G.; Carvalho, I.á P.d.; Rosa e Silva, M.L.d.
Jornal de Pediatria 89(5): 470-476
2013
ISSN/ISBN: 1678-4782 PMID: 23871499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2013.02.019Document Number: 623781
To evaluate the prevalence and circulation of rotavirus genotypes before and after the introduction of oral vaccine against human rotavirus, and to check for a possible change in the age of occurence of the infection by RV-A. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2002-2011, in the city of Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 1,144 diarrheal stool specimens were obtained from nonhospitalized children aged between 0 and 5 years, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for genotype characterization. Data on prevalence and age distribution of rotavirus cases were analyzed through the chi-squared test (p < 0.05), using SPSS, release 13.0. Rotavirus infection was detected in 9.35% (107/1,144) samples, with prevalence rates ranging from 11.12% (90/809) in the pre-vaccine to 5.07% (17/335) in the post-vaccine period (p = 0.001). Among the samples tested, the most frequently detected genotypes were G1P[6] (6/33 = 18.2%) in the period between 2002 and 2005 and G2P[4] in 2006 (11/33 = 33.3%) and in the period between 2007 and 2011 (5/33 = 15.2%). There was also a significant reduction in the number of cases of rotavirus disease in children aged between 0 and 36 months after the vaccine introduction. The study evidenced a significant decrease in the prevalence of rotavirus, mainly in children aged between 0 and 36 months in the 2007-2011 period, as well as a reduction in G1 genotype circulation.
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