Community diarrhea incidence before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Nicaragua
Becker-Dreps, S.; Meléndez, M.; Liu, L.; Zambrana, L.E.; Paniagua, M.; Weber, D.J.; Hudgens, M.G.; Cáceres, M.; Källeståll, C.; Morgan, D.R.; Espinoza, F.él.; Peña, R.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89(2): 246-250
2013
ISSN/ISBN: 1476-1645 PMID: 23817336 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0026Document Number: 577961
We estimated the incidence of watery diarrhea in the community before and after introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in León, Nicaragua. A random sample of households was selected before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. All children < 5 years of age in selected households were eligible for inclusion. Children were followed every 2 weeks for watery diarrhea episodes. The incidence rate was estimated as numbers of episodes per 100 child-years of exposure time. A mixed effects Poisson regression model was fit to compare incidence rates in the pre-vaccine and vaccine periods. The pre-vaccine cohort (N = 726) experienced 36 episodes per 100 child-years, and the vaccine cohort (N = 826) experienced 25 episodes per 100 child-years. The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, 0.91) during the vaccine period versus the pre-vaccine period, indicating a lower incidence of watery diarrhea in the community during the vaccine period.