Impact of maternal hepatitis B virus coinfection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV
Mave, V.; Kadam, D.; Kinikar, A.; Gupte, N.; Bhattacharya, D.; Bharadwaj, R.; McIntire, K.; Kulkarni, V.; Balasubramanian, U.; Suryavanshi, N.; Thio, C.; Deshpande, P.; Sastry, J.; Bollinger, R.; Gupta, A.; Bhosale, R.
HIV Medicine 15(6): 347-354
2014
ISSN/ISBN: 1468-1293 PMID: 24422893 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12120Document Number: 622681
Despite high hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in various resource-limited settings (RLSs), the impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on infant health outcomes has not been defined. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV coinfection among HIV-infected pregnant women and its impact on HIV transmission and infant mortality. In this study, the seroprevalence of HBV coinfection was determined among HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the Six-Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine (SWEN) India trial. The impact of maternal HIV/HBV coinfection on mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV and infant mortality was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among 689 HIV-infected pregnant Indian women, 32 (4.6%) had HBV coinfection [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4%, 5.3%]. HBV DNA was detectable in 18 (64%) of 28 HIV/HBV-coinfected women; the median HBV viral load was 155 copies/mL [interquartile range (IQR) < 51-6741 copies/mL]. Maternal HIV/HBV coinfection did not increase HIV transmission risk [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.06; 95% CI 0.30, 3.66; P = 0.93]. Increased odds of all-cause infant mortality was noted (aOR 3.12; 95% CI 0.67, 14.57; P = 0.15), but was not statistically significant. The prevalence of active maternal HBV coinfection in HIV-infected pregnant women in India was 4.6%. HIV/HBV coinfection was not independently associated with HIV transmission.
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