T cells in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis: current knowledge
Hrusková, Z.; Marecková, H.; Ríhová, Z.; Rysavá, R.; Jancová, E.; Merta, M.; Tesar, V.
Folia Biologica 54(3): 81-87
2008
ISSN/ISBN: 0015-5500 PMID: 18647547 Document Number: 621411
AAV are a group of systemic immune-mediated diseases with a strong and highly specific association with ANCA. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that ANCA might play a direct pathogenic role in triggering AAV. Nevertheless, effectors of cell-mediated immunity prevail in the inflammation sites in patients with AAV. Numerous studies found increased markers of T-cell activation in AAV. Moreover, this activation persisted even in remission and despite treatment. Finally, successful therapeutic attempts using T cell-directed treatment were also reported. There has therefore been substantial evidence that T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of AAV, even though the exact mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this review, recent findings on the contribution of T cells to the pathogenic processes in AAV will be briefly summarized. Special emphasis will be placed on the Th1/Th2 concept, the role of T-regulatory cells, and the role of effector memory T cells in the pathogenesis of AAV.