Endod extract, a plant-derived molluscicide: toxicity for mosquitoes
Spielman, A.; Lemma, A.
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 22(6): 802-804
1973
ISSN/ISBN: 0002-9637 PMID: 4745240 Document Number: 61726
A butanol extract of the soapberry plant, Phytolacca dodecandra (endod), was found to be toxic at about 1 p.p.m. to second- and third-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex pipiens molestus (Forsk.) and Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. Eggs and pupae were not affected, and adults died only after ingestion of concentrated endod. Endod extract was considerably more toxic than rotenone and about 100 times as active as a commercial saponin preparation. Compared with DDT, it was about twice as toxic when applied against DDT-resistant larvae of Aedes aegypti, 20 times less toxic for DDT-susceptible larvae of C. p. molestus and 40 times less toxic for DDT-susceptible larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus. The concentration of endod required to kill mosquitos was not toxic to snails and fish.