Urinary pharmacokinetics of cyanidin glycosides in healthy young men following consumption of elderberry juice
Frank, T.; Sonntag, S.; Strass, G.; Bitsch, I.; Bitsch, R.; Netzel, M.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 25(2): 47-56
2005
ISSN/ISBN: 0251-1649 PMID: 16060394 Document Number: 590484
We investigated the urinary pharmacokinetics of monomeric anthocyanins in seven healthy volunteers. The volunteers were administered a single oral dose of 3.57 g total anthocyanins contained in 150 ml of a concentrated elderberry juice under fasting conditions. Within 24 h the urinary excretion of unchanged cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside were calculated as cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside equivalents), cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside and total anthocyanins (i.e., the sum of all quantifiable anthocyanidin glycosides) was 0.16, 0.06, 0.05 and 0.06% of the administered doses, respectively. Maximum excretion rates were determined within 1.0 h after intake. The estimates (arithmetic mean +/- SD) of t(1/2) were 1.25 +/- 0.25, 1.53 +/- 0.36, 1.38 +/- 0.20 and 1.35 +/- 0.18 h for cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside and total anthocyanins, respectively. The urinary excretion of intact anthocyanins was fast and the decline of excretion rates appeared to be monophasic, suggesting a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, The low urinary excretion of dietary anthocyanidin glycosides with values below 1% indicates that a large proportion of these plant pigments consumed are metabolized before entry into the circulation.
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