Prevalence and incidence of HIV and hepatitis B among blood donors and estimated residual risk of transmission of HIV and HBV virus by blood transfusion. A study at the Provincial General Referee Hospital Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Namululi, B.A.; Guerrieri, C.; Dramaix, M.W.
Revue d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique 61(2): 139-144
2013
ISSN/ISBN: 0398-7620 PMID: 23498094 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.09.005Document Number: 577228
To estimate the residual risk of transmission of HIV and HBV virus by blood transfusion in Bukavu. Retrospective cohort study designed for exploratory purposes, which took place in Bukavu (DR Congo) between January 2001 and December 2005, among 3292 blood donors. The incidences were estimated by survival curves and Cox models. The adjusted relative risks with their confidence interval at 95% were derived from Cox models. The residual risk of viral transmission associated with the serological window is equal to the incidence rate multiplied by the duration of the serological window divided by 365. The prevalence among blood donors in Bukavu was 1% for HIV and 3.7% for HbsAg. The number of incident cases observed was seven for HIV and 40 for hepatitis B between 2001 and 2005. The incidence rates obtained were 3.57 for 1000 person-years (0.93/1000-6.23/1000) and 25.4 per 1000 person-years (17.6/1000-33.36/1000), respectively for HIV and hepatitis B. The residual risk was 1/4608 donations for HIV or 0.22 (0.02-0.65) and 1/257 donations for HBV or 3.90 (1.20-9.96). Also there were more seroconversions among family blood donors than in volunteer donors. The risk of seroconversion in family donors compared to volunteer donors adjusted for age, sex and residence was 7.09 (3.75-13.39) for HIV and 4.03 (2.63-6.20) for HBsAg. The same result was observed with the survival curves. The prevalences of HIV and HBsAg in Bukavu are lower than in most major cities in sub-Saharan Africa. Residual risks are especially important for hepatitis B.
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