Assessment of antioxidant nutrient intake of a population of southern US African-American and Caucasian women of various ages when compared to dietary reference intakes
Lewis, S.M.; Mayhugh, M.A.; Freni, S.C.; Thorn, B.; Cardoso, S.; Buffington, C.; Jairaj, K.; Feuers, R.J.
Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 7(2): 121-128
2003
ISSN/ISBN: 1279-7707 PMID: 12679833 Document Number: 561983
This study examined the 24-h intake of vitamins (A, E, C, beta -carotene, alpha -tocopherol and riboflavin) and minerals (zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, iron and molybdenum) of 259 Caucasian (CA) and African-American (AA) women from small urban communities in southern USA. Women were non-pregnant females, 19-93 years of age. Statistical comparisons of nutrient intake were made by least squares means within age groups. Intakes were compared to various dietary reference intakes including Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) and Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) values as established by the U.S. National Research Council. Numerous dietary deficiencies in important antioxidant nutrients associated with metabolic antioxidant systems were identified. Few race-related differences were detected. Intake of vitamin A was generally within recommended levels, whereas vitamin E intake was below the EAR. The vitamin precursors, beta -carotene and alpha -tocopherol, were significantly (P<0.05) below customary intakes at all ages. More than 60% of this population reported dietary copper, zinc and selenium intakes below recommended levels. A lack of race differences for most nutrient intakes suggests similar socioeconomic or endogenous regional factors. All women in this population reported dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins and minerals below recommended values, conditions that could contribute to subsequent health risks unless nutrient-dense food choices and antioxidant supplementation are considered in their overall nutritional support.