Prior treatment with alpha-interferon does not adversely affect the outcome of allogeneic BMT in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Zuffa, E.; Bandini, G.; Bonini, A.; Santucci, M.A.; Martinelli, G.; Rosti, G.; Testoni, N.; Zaccaria, A.; Tura, S.
Haematologica 83(3): 231-236
1998
ISSN/ISBN: 0390-6078 PMID: 9573677 Document Number: 495076
Background and Objective. Controlled clinical trials have shown that Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is able to control myeloid proliferation and to suppress the Ph, clonal hemopoiesis in early chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): a growing number of patients are treated with this agent from diagnosis. However, if a CML patient has an HLA-identical sibling, bone marrow transplant (BMT) represents the best choice of treatment. Since IFN-alpha is known to modify the immunologic response and to increase marrow fibrosis, information is needed on the outcome of patients transplanted after IFN-alpha treatment. Design and Methods. We analyzed retrospectively 32 Ph, CML patients submitted to BMT in the last 6 years in Institute "Seragnoli". All the patients were in 1st chronic phase, their median age was 37 years, the donors were HLA-identical (27/32) or 1 Ag-mismatched (5/32) siblings. Big BuCy was the conditioning regimen employed for all and GVHD prophylaxis was based on CsA in 4 patients and Csa+MTX in 28 patients; all patients received homogeneous pre and post-transplant supportive cafe, antimicrobial and antiviral prophylaxis. These patients were divided Into 2 groups according to the treatment before BMT: 16 received IFN from diagnosis to BMT (mean dose 6.9 MU/daily) for at least 6 mos (mean 23 mos, range 875) and 16 received chemotherapy alone (hydroxyurea (HU)). Results. Hematological recovery was comparable in the two groups: time to 0.5X109/L PMN was 20.5 days (range 11-32) in the IFN group and 20 days (range 10-32) in the HU group; time to 50X109/L platelets was 28 days (range 20-117) in the IFN group and 27 days (range 20-112) in the HU group. The incidence of acute GVHD was not different in the two groups for any grade of the disease; in patients who survived more than 100 days, chronic GVHD occurred in the two groups with the same frequency. Seven patients died of transplant related mortality (TRM), 4 in the IFN group and 3 in the HU group. Hematological relapse was observed in only one case in the HU group; no cytogenetic relapse occurred. Disease free survivals at 7 years are 61% and 72%, respectively; the difference is not significant. Interpretations and Conclusions. Not withstanding the low number of patients included in this study, the data reported here confirm that prior treatment with alpha-IFN does not adversely affect transplant outcome.