Cycad palm toxicosis in dogs: 60 cases (1987-1997)
Albretsen, J.C.; Khan, S.A.; Richardson, J.A.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 213(1): 99-101
1998
ISSN/ISBN: 0003-1488 PMID: 9656033 Document Number: 489774
Medical records of 60 dogs with evidence of cycad ingestion between January 1987 and November 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. 89.7% of the dogs were from the southern USA. Cycas revoluta was the commonest cause of toxicosis. 38.7% ingested seeds, 95% developed liver and gastrointestinal tract problems, and 53.3% had abnormal neurological signs. High serum bilirubin concentration and alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were the commonest serum biochemical abnormalities. Although clinical signs were observed within 1 day, laboratory values did not change for 24 to 48 h after cycad ingestion. Mortality rate was 32.1%. 68% of dogs responded well to treatment and supportive care. It is concluded that dogs ingesting seeds are likely to develop more serious problems. Clinical signs can develop within 1 to 3 days and can last for several days. A tentative diagnosis should be made on the basis of history of ingestion, clinical signs and duration of signs.