Myosin heavy chain gene expression in neonatal rat heart cells: effects of [Ca2+]i and contractile activity
Qi, M.; Puglisi, J.L.; Byron, K.L.; Ojamaa, K.; Klein, I.; Bers, D.M.; Samarel, A.M.
American Journal of Physiology 273(2 Pt 1): C394-C403
1997
ISSN/ISBN: 0002-9513 PMID: 9277337 Document Number: 482991
To determine if mechanical signals or alterations in intracellular Ca-2+ concentration ((Ca-2+)-i) affect myosin heavy chain (MHC) gene expression in spontaneously beating, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, contractile activity was inhibited with verapamil, KCl, or 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), and their acute and chronic effects on myocyte shortening, (Ca-2+)-i, and MHC gene expression were examined. Despite their differing effects on (Ca-2+)-i, verapamil, KCl, and BDM all inhibited contractile activity and markedly downregulated beta-MHC mRNA levels to 24 +- 5, 21 +- 7, and 6 +- 2% of contracting cells, respectively. In contrast, these inhibitors of contraction upregulated alpha-MHC mRNA levels to 163 +- 19, 156 +- 7, and 198 +- 20% of contracting cells, respectively. Transient transfection with a rat beta-MHC promoter-luciferase expression plasmid demonstrated that all inhibitors of contraction significantly decreased beta-MHC promoter activity. Paradoxically, contractile arrest also inhibited alpha-MHC promoter activity, suggesting that increased alpha-MHC mRNA levels resulted from posttranscriptional mechanisms. Actinomycin D MRNA stability assays indicated that alpha-MHC mRNA half-life was prolonged in noncontracting cells (33 h) compared with contracting myocytes (14 h). Contraction-dependent alterations in MHC gene expression were not dependent on release of angiotensin II or other growth factors into the culture medium. Thus intrinsic mechanical signals rather than alterations in (Ca-2+)-i regulate alpha-MHC and beta-MHC gene expression by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.