The effect of long-term use of intrauterine devices
Hata, Y.; Ishihama, A.; Kudo, N.; Nakamura, Y.; Miyai, T.; Makino, T.; Kagabu, T.
International Journal of Fertility 14(3): 241-249
1969
ISSN/ISBN: 0020-725X PMID: 5812146 Document Number: 474053
Of 10,223 Japanese women examined for uterine cancer between 1952 and 1967, 1333 were or had been wearing an IUD during that period; 1075 of the IUD users were studied to assess the results of long-term IUD use and its effect on fertility after removal. Results indicated that fertility after removal was normal depending on the age of the patient. The patients' ages ranged from 21 to 35 years. Closure for medical reasons, e.g., hemorrhage, pain, and unintended pregnancy, were most frequent during the 1st year of use; however, the IUD was removed in almost 1/2 of the patients after 5 years of use because of desire for pregnancy, physician's advice, or other personal reasons. Pregnancy rates before IUD insertion were 64.6/100 woman-years of use (total woman-months, 83,065); after IUD insertion, the rate was 1.05/100 woman-years of use (total woman-months, 37,642); and following removal, the rate was 23.43 (based on 449 cases). Vaginal cytology did not differ in Class 1, 2, and 3 smears between 1058 IUD users and 7226 non-IUD users.