The proximate determinants of fertility in tropical Africa: demographic and institutional change
Page, H.J.; Lesthaeghe, R.J.
Fertility Determinants Research Notes 1988(23): 1-4
1988
PMID: 12283509 Document Number: 449125
Acknowledging uneven estimate quality of the total fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa, this study examines trends in the levels of fertility and components of the proximate determinants including: lactation and lactational amenorrhea, postpartum abstinence, sterility and contraceptive use, age at first marriage for both sexes, husband-wife age differences, polygyny, widowhood, divorce, remarriage, child fostering, and nuptiality. Most recent available census and survey data from 57 regions over 16 countries showed no sign of fertility decline. In 11 cases, an increase of at least 1 live birth was recorded compared to earlier studies. Record population growth rates equal to and greater than 3.5% in parts of Eastern and Southern Africa were tied to reduced child spacing. Low levels of polygyny, lack of large age gaps between spouses, and comparatively short postpartum abstinence are also more typical of these regions than in West African countries. Links between female literacy and contraceptive use and age at first marriage for women were identified. Policy recommendations include female education to increase contraceptive use and delayed marriage. Women's organizations and other existing communal networks should be employed to deliver primary health care and contraception.