A theory explaining the relation between "egorrhea symptoms" and "symptoms of being influenced" more efficiently than the existing theories--from the viewpoint of "experiencial type" as opposed to symptomatological direction
Tanaka, K.
Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 97(1): 31-63
1995
ISSN/ISBN: 0033-2658 PMID: 7732149 Document Number: 443335
Fujinawa, A. and his co-researchers have categorized symptoms of ego disorder into two opposing symptoms; "egorrhea symptoms" having the direction of "Inside to Outside" in their symptomatological structure and "symptoms of being influenced" having the direction of "Outside to Inside". They have also proposed, for ideal cases, the following: (1) "Egorrhea symptoms" are schizophrenic ego disorders. (2) These two types of symptoms are independent and opposing series of ego disorder. (3) There exists a new entity named "egorrhea type of schizophrenia" which is mainly characterized by "egorrhea symptoms" and opposed to the common type of schizophrenia which is mainly characterized by "symptoms of being influenced". The author, however, indicated several faults in their propositions and revised them from their same viewpoint. The author then proposed, from the viewpint of intentionality, the following: (1) Any symptom exhibits one of two opposite direction of intentionality; one exhibits intentionality to an object ("object experiencial type") and the other exhibits intentionality to the subject itself ("subject experiencial type"). (2) Symptoms of each "experiencial type" are related to each other and therefore make the state be composed mainly of them. The author attempted to compare his theory with Fujinawa. A. and his co-researchers theory and the revised one. 58 hallucinatory-delusional cases (29 schizophrenic cases, 29 non-schizophrenic cases) were examined. Some results were as follows: (1) "Egorrhea symptoms" are not peculiar to schizophrenia. (2) A special type of auditory hallucination, which occurs when the patient sees others, is statistically related to "egorrhea symptoms". (3) The other common type of auditory hallucination, which occurs when the patient cannot see others, is statistically related to "symptoms of being influenced". The theory proposed by the author explains these results satisfactorily compared with the former two theories. That is, (1) is not against the theory, and (2) is considered to be caused by the relation between the special type of auditory hallucination and "egorrhea symptoms" having the same object experiencial type of symptoms, and (3) is considered to be caused by the relation between the common type of auditory hallucination and "symptom of being influenced" having the same subject experiencial type of symptoms. The author further deduced the developmental series of symptoms and states from his theory and examined them with the data from the above 58 cases and other cases reported by other researchers. As a result, much of the data was successfully explained by his theory.