Cystine loading induces Fanconi's syndrome in rats: in vivo and vesicle studies
Ben-Nun, A.; Bashan, N.; Potashnik, R.; Cohen-Luria, R.; Moran, A.
American Journal of Physiology 265(6 Pt 2): F839-F844
1993
ISSN/ISBN: 0002-9513 PMID: 8285217 Document Number: 421785
To better understand the link between lysosomal cystine accumulation and the renal impairment seen in cystinosis, we have studied the effect of cystine loading in vivo, on renal function of rats, and in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) prepared from the kidney cortex of the treated rats. Intraperitoneal injection of cystine dimethyl ester (CDME) (400 mu-mol, twice a day, for 5 days) led to an increased urine volume and excretion of glucose, phosphate, and protein. Kinetic analysis of alpha-methylglucoside initial flux in BBMV showed reduction in maximal transport capacity (V-max, from 10.1 +- 1.3 to 8.5 +- 0.7 nmol cntdot min-1 cntdot mg protein-1; P lt 0.01) with no change in Michaelis constant (K-m, 4.80 +- 0.08 and 4.90 +- 0.05 mM). The number of phlorizin binding sites declined (from 6.5 +- 0.7 to 4.1 +- 0.4 pmol/mg protein; P lt 0.01) with no significant change in the affinity for phlorizin (0.64 +- 0.08 and 0.59 +- 0.06 mu-M). In the cortex homogenate, cystine concentration, which was undetectable in controls, increased to 0.97 +- 0.09 nmol 1/2 cystine/mg protein. Two hours after CDME administration, ATP content declined to apprx 50% of control values. This decline was transient, and ATP content was recovered to control values 5 h after CDME administration. The treatment did not affect ouabain-sensitive adenosinetriphosphatase activity (40.0 +- 3.9 and 38.6 +- 4.7 nmol P-i cntdot mg protein-1 cntdot min-1) or the number and affinity of ouabain binding sites (B-max = 1.48 +- 0.25 and 1.44 +- 0.18 pmol/mg, and K-d = 0.68 +- 0.09 and 0.72 +- 0.12 mu-M, respectively). We postulate that the reduction in ATP content and sodium-coupled glucose absorption may, at least partially, be the basis for the Fanconi's syndrome seen in the CDME-treated rats and is probably one of the mechanisms for the proximal tubular impairment seen in cystinotic patients.