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Markers of hepatitis B infection in Tari District, Southern Highlands Province, Papua new Guinea

Sanders, R.C.; Lewis, D.; Dyke, T.; Alpers, M.P.

Papua and new Guinea Medical Journal 35(3): 197-201

1992

ISSN/ISBN: 0031-1480
PMID: 1296422
Document Number: 400260
The study was undertaken to obtain baseline information on the prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among women of childbearing age and among children 6-18 years old residing in Tari District, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea. Blood samples were collected from females of child-bearing age attending maternal and child health clinics within the surveillance area of the Tari Research Unit during September 1990. Serum samples were assayed for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the Abbott Auszyme monoclonal enzyme immunoassay. All HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg). Selected HBsAg-negative samples were assayed for antibody to HBV core antigen (HBcAb, a marker of past infection). Selected HBcAb-positive samples were screened for antibody to HBeAg (HBeAb, a marker of very recent, resolving infection). A total of 106 samples were screened for the presence of HBsAg. 39 (36.8%) were found to be positive. Of these, 7 (17.9%) were HBeAg-positive. 65 of the 67 HBsAg-negative serum samples were screened for presence of HBcAb, and 49 (75.4%) were positive. 56 samples collected in the Benaria area were screened for the presence of HBsAg. 26 (46%) were positive. Of the 26 HBsAg positive samples, 17 (65%) were HBeAg positive. Sera from the 30 HBsAg-negative children were tested for the presence of HBcAb. 11 (37%) of these samples were positive for HBcAb. 7 (64%) of the 11 were positive for HBeAb. The percentage of the sample showing markers for resolved infection (i.e. HBsAg-ve/HBcAb + ve) was only 20%, of these, 64% (7/11) showed evidence for very recently resolved infection (i.e., were HBeAb-positive). Of the children negative for HBsAg, 37% (11/30) were positive for HBcAb. The age distribution data for this series suggest that the peak age for transmission is between 9 and 11 years; in this age group 50% of children studied were HBsAg-positive, and 31% were HBeAg-positive.

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