Vectorcardiography in normal dogs using the Frank lead system
Bojrab, M.J.; Breazile, J.E.; Morrison, R.D.
American Journal of Veterinary Research 32(6): 925-934
1971
ISSN/ISBN: 0002-9645 PMID: 5556832 Document Number: 36566
Because of the statistically significant variation found in an apparently normal population, the value of Frank's vectorcardiographic lead system in the dog is questionable. However, there will be variation even if this system is truly orthogonal for the dog, since differences in the dipole orientation and magnitude with time exist, and normal biological variations, including differences in size and activation sequence of the heart, also occur. To evaluate this lead system adequately as a diagnostic tool in the dog, a large series of animals with different types of cardiovascular disease is needed, and determination must be made as to the extent of overlapping of the normal and abnormal population.