Who are the heads of household, what do they do, and is the concept of headship useful? An analysis of headship in South Africa

Posel, D.R.

Development Southern Africa 18(5): 651-670

2001


ISSN/ISBN: 0376-835X
DOI: 10.1080/03768350120097487
Document Number: 360364
The first part of this article examines whether self-reported heads in South Africa are those household members in whom more control over decision making is vested. Although the head is typically found to be the oldest household member, there is also a strong relationship between headship and the highest income-earner in the household. Furthermore, heads have final say over decisions even when they do not earn the most income. This is the case particularly in households headed by women. The second part of the article evaluates whether the gender of the head provides a useful marker for distinguishing between household types and their access to resources. Female- and male-headed households are not homogeneous groupings, and male-headed households are not equally advantaged. However, female-headed households in South Africa on average contain fewer income-earners, whose income is also lower, than male-headed households. Overall, therefore, households headed by women are considerably more likely to be economically vulnerable. Data are drawn from 2 household surveys in South Africa (the South African Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development in 1993, and the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study in 1998).

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