Changes in muscle strength and speed of an unloaded movement after various training programmes
Voigt, M.; Klausen, K.
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 60(5): 370-376
1990
ISSN/ISBN: 0301-5548 PMID: 2369908 Document Number: 357529
The effect of three different training programmes on the maximal speed of an unloaded movement (a karate punch) was studied. Three movement variables were selected: maximal speed of the hand (vh,max), maximal speed of the shoulder (vs,max) and elbow extension speed (.ovrhdot.THETA.e) simultaneous with vh,max. The programmes were: training group 1 (TG 1, n = 8)-karate students, dyanmic heavy progressive resistance exercise (incline situp and incline bench press) + punch bag exercise; training group 2 (TG 2, n = 8)-karate students, punch bag training; training group 3 (TG 3, n= 5) - no karate experience, dynamic heavy progressive resistance exercise (as in TG 1). The movement variables were calculated from chrono-cyclo photographic recordings of the punches (100 Hz). The level of significance was set at 5%. Sixteen weeks of training gave the following results: significant increases in dynamic strength in all the training groups (14%-53%). In TG 1 the vh,max increased significantly from 8.49 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 1.19 to 9.35 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 1.29 (10%); vs,max increased significantly in TG 1 by 32% (2.18 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 0.56 to 2.87 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 0.98) and in TG 2 by 14% (2.40 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 0.61 to 2.74 m.cntdot.s-1, SD 0.52), and in TG 3 .ovrhdot.THETA.E at vh,max increased significantly from 28.6 rad.cntdot.s-1, SD 4.3 to 32.2 rad.cntdot.s-1, SD 4.5 (13%). No significant relationships between the changes in maximal muscle strength and the changes in movement speed were found. The significant changes in vh and vs among the karate trained subjects (TG 1 and TG 2) are ascribed to a change in the kinematics of the segmental motions induced by the karate training, to a movement pattern that takes advantage of the potentiating effect of a stretch-shortening cycle on muscle power output in flexor muscles of the shoulder and the extensor muscles of the elbow.