Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control
Zajac, F.E.
Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 17(4): 359-411
1989
ISSN/ISBN: 0278-940X PMID: 2676342 Document Number: 3493
When the body performs a motor task, the central nervous system (CNS) excites muscles that subsequently develop forces that are transmitted by tendons to the skeleton to effect the task. Thus, muscles and tendons are the interface between the CNS and the articulated body segments. An understanding of the properties of this interface is important to scientists who interpret kinesiological events, in the context of coordination of the body, and to engineers who design prosthetic, orthotic, and functional neuromuscular stimulation systems to restore lost or impaired motor function. In all cases, a model of muscle and tendon is used, either explicitly or implicitly.
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