Carbamate and Organophosphorus Nematicides: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition and Effects on Dispersal
Pree, D.J.; Townshend, J.L.; Archibald, D.E.
Journal of Nematology 21(4): 483-489
1989
ISSN/ISBN: 0022-300X PMID: 19287642 Document Number: 340366
The sensitivity of acetylcholinesterases (ACHE) from the fungus-feeding nematode Aphelenchus avenae and plant-parasitic species Helicotylenchus dihystera and Pratylenchus penetrans, and the housefly, Musca domestica, were compared using a radiometric assay which utilized Hsuperscript 3 acetylcholine as a substrate. Nematode ACHE were generally less sensitive to inhibition by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides (aldicarb, sulfoxide, eserine, carbofuran, malathion, malaoxon, fenamiphos and sulfone) than were ACHE from M. domestica. ACHE from the plant-parasitic species and A. avenae were generally similar in sensitivity. In soil, carbamates were more toxic than the organophosphorus pesticides to A. avenae. All pesticides tested affected nematode movement, but fenamiphos was more inhibitory than others. The effects on dispersal of nematodes may be an important mechanism in control by some nematicides.