Rheumatoid arthritis in dogs
Newton, C.D.; Lipowitz, A.J.; Halliwell, R.E.; Allen, H.L.; Biery, D.N.; Schumacher, H.R.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 168(2): 113-121
1976
ISSN/ISBN: 0003-1488 PMID: 1245451 Document Number: 106737
The literature is reviewed. Of 10 dogs exhibiting classic symptoms, four were Shetland Sheepdogs, but there was no apparent sex or age correlation. All were negative in tests for lupus erythematosus. Rheumatoid factor (RF) titres were 1:8 to 1:256, and remained constant throughout observation. Between one and 14 major joints were affected, particularly distal joints. Case histories of three animals are presented. All had intermittent pyrexia, anorexia, depression, and lameness which progressed rapidly. They had low to moderate RF titres, low albumin levels, low A/G ratio, and high beta 1 and beta 2 globulin levels. Radiographs showed that initial swelling of soft tissue round a joint or accumulation of fluid in the joint gave way to destruction of subchondral bone, narrowing of the joint space, and rarefaction of the joint surface. Joint subluxation or luxation occurred. P.M. examination revealed convoluted villous folds on the synovial surface and thickening and necrosis of the synovial lining, but no rheumatoid nodules were found. Treatment is very limited: aspirin is given, and arthrodesis may be performed if the disease is monarticular. Corticosteroids tend to enhance cartilage destruction. [10 radiographs.].