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Infant mortality and water hardness in the United States

Spiers, P.S.; Wright, S.G.; Siegel, D.G.

Pediatrics 54(3): 317-319

1974

ISSN/ISBN: 0031-4005
PMID: 4413851
Document Number: 78926
Race-specific infant mortality rates were derived from records of deaths occurring in infancy among the 1960 cohort of live births in different cities in the USA. Water indices including those for Ca, Mg, K, Na and grains of hardness were obtained from the US Geological Survey on water supplies in the 100 largest cities in the USA. Other factors considered were income, industrialisation, living conditions, annual rainfall, latitude and longitude. None of the 5 water indices showed correlations significantly different from 0 associated with infant mortality. Of the 7 environmental variables, 4 showed correlations with infant mortality: percentage low income and average rainfall were positively and percentage sound housing and latitude were negatively correlated.

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