Adults with chickenpox in the tropics
Hanssen, J.L.J.; Schakel, G.J.J.; Fontilus-Rohoman, J.M.; Eeftinck Schattenkerk, J.K.M.
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 160: A9623
2015
ISSN/ISBN: 1876-8784 PMID: 26934437 Document Number: 683027
In our hospital in the Dutch Caribbean, it is not uncommon for adults to be admitted for chickenpox infection. In contrast to the situation in temperate climates, not all adults are infected during childhood. Therefore, hospital staff are tested when first employed; of those aged between 20-29 years, 40% do not have antibodies against the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We describe three cases of adults, aged 37, 51 and 90 years respectively, who presented with chickenpox. Compared to children, the clinical course in adults is more severe with the potential risk of life-threatening complications. In pregnancy or concomitant T cell immune deficiency, risk of a fulminant course is even higher. Treatment with aciclovir or valaciclovir is effective and associated with few side-effects. Passive immunization with VZV-immunoglobulin is indicated within 96 hours of exposure, typically followed by acyclovir or valaciclovir. As migration occurs from low endemic tropical areas to high endemic temperate areas, we should be aware of the risk of adult chickenpox in these migrants.