Standard examination and adjunctive techniques for detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions
Kerr, A.Ross.; Shah, S.S.
Journal of the California Dental Association 41(5): 329
2013
ISSN/ISBN: 1043-2256 PMID: 23795518 Document Number: 671007
This article outlines how to perform a standard comprehensive extraoral and intraoral examination and the existing commercially available adjunctive techniques for the early detection of oral cancer and premalignant lesions. Visualization-based techniques (e.g., autofluorescence and chemiluminescence), toluidine blue vital staining, cytopathologic tests and high-risk human papillomavirus testing are discussed in detail, including the indications and protocols for use, their advantages and disadvantages and clinical cases.