Diagnosis and treatment in circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Murakami, J.; Imai, M.; Yamada, N.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine 70(7): 1155-1160
2012
ISSN/ISBN: 0047-1852 PMID: 22844798 Document Number: 658299
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) are characterized by misalignment between major sleep episode and desired sleep phase, or symptoms associated with internal desynchronization between endogenous circadian rhythm and overt sleep-wake rhythm. Endogenous circadian rhythm is mainly regulated by master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Light entrains the circadian clock according to a phase-response curve. Furthermore, social time cue affects human sleep-wake rhythm. Instructions concerning sleep hygiene including light environment play fundamental role for the treatment in CRSD. In addition, light therapy and oral melatonin administration have application to delayed sleep phase type. Diagnostic classification and treatment in each types of CRSD are reviewed in this article.