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A historical review of XDR tuberculosis in the Western Cape province of South Africa

Symons, G.; Shean, K.; Pietersen, E.; Van Zyl Smit, R.; Pool, L.; Davids, M.; Willcox, P.; Dheda, K.

South African Medical Journal 101(9): 636-638

2011

ISSN/ISBN: 0256-9574
PMID: 21920174
Document Number: 653930
There are limited data on the temporal relationship between the regional introduction of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment and the subsequent development of extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The first XDR-TB case in the Western Cape province of South Africa was recorded in 1992, approximately 5 - 7 years after the regional introduction of MDR-TB-like treatment. Between 1990 and 2002 we identified 48 patients with XDR-TB in the Cape Metropole region of the Western Cape province. Patients were predominantly HIV-uninfected and median survival was 10.8 months. XDR-TB has therefore been present in the Western Cape at least since 1992. These data inform public health policy relevant to the introduction of new anti-TB drug regimens.

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