Urinalysis in chronic kidney disease
Yokoyama, H.; Yamaya, H.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine 66(9): 1713-1718
2008
ISSN/ISBN: 0047-1852 PMID: 18788399 Document Number: 622003
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or renal abnormalities including proteinuria and/or hematuria beyond 3 months. Urinalysis is an important screening test to find out CKD subjects earlier. In health check examination, proteinuria was detected in 2.3% of male population over 18 years old. The prevalence of lower estimated GFR below 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 increased to 8.9% of subjects with 1+ proteinuria and 31.8% of subjects with 2+ or more proteinuria as compared with 2.0% of subjects with negative proteinuria (p < 0.0001). To detect CKD stage IV or V, the sensitivity and the specificity of proteinuria were 0.68 and 0.978, respectively, and the positive likelihood was 30.9 (95% CI, 8.3-114.9, p < 0.0001).