Imported malaria in a general hospital in Madrid
Rojo-Marcos, G.; Cuadros-González, J.; Gete-García, L.; Prieto-Ríos, B.; Arcos-Pereda, P.
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica 25(3): 168-171
2007
ISSN/ISBN: 0213-005X PMID: 17335694 Document Number: 609816
Introduction. To study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of malaria and the diagnosis of this condition in a general hospital that does not have a specialized tropical medicine unit. Methods. Retrospective study of all malaria cases diagnosed by thick film and/or PCR-positive status for any Plasmodium spp. from 1999 to 2003 in Hospital Principe de Asturias in Alcala de Henares (Madrid, Spain). Results. Over the period studied, 89 cases of malaria were diagnosed. Most patients were African immigrants who had recently left their countries of origin (52%), or immigrants residing in Spain who had traveled to Africa for a short visit (35%) and did not take prophylaxis. The distribution of cases by species was Plasmodium falciparum 89%, P. ovale 7% and P. malariae 4%. Clinical data were non-specific and the percentage of severe complications was low (6.7%). A second-generation test for rapid detection of P. falciparum antigen (PfHRP2) was studied in a group of 46 patients with suspected malaria; the results obtained were similar to thick film as compared to PCR for diagnosing P. falciparum infection. Conclusions. Access to information on prevention and chemoprophylaxis should be available to all travelers, particularly immigrants visiting their countries of origin. Most semi-immune patients with uncomplicated malaria can be treated on an outpatient basis. PfHRP2 antigen detection, a fast, reliable method for diagnosing malaria due to P. falciparum, can be used in addition to the thick film method in our setting.