Receptor-independent induction of apoptosis by synthetic retinoids
Lotan, R.
Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 17(1): 13-28
2003
ISSN/ISBN: 0393-974X PMID: 12757019 Document Number: 566563
Retinoids modulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Many of these effects are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors. However, studies with certain synthetic retinoids, including some that can activate retinoid receptors, revealed that they affect cell growth and especially apoptosis by mechanisms that are independent of nuclear receptors. This chapter describes the pro-apoptotic effects of the synthetic retinoid CD437 (6-(3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid), and structurally-related retinoids and summarizes the mechanisms by which they induce apoptosis.