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Lack of association between acquisition of TT virus and risk behavior for HIV and HCV infection in Vietnam

Nerurkar, V.R.; Woodward, C.L.; Nguyen, H.T.; DeWolfe Miller, F.; Tashima, L.T.; Zalles-Ganley, A.; Chua, P.K.; Peterson, J.E.; Chi, P.K.; Hoang, L.T.; Detels, R.; Yanagihara, R.

International journal of infectious diseases IJID official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 3(4): 181-185

1999

ISSN/ISBN: 1201-9712
PMID: 10575145
DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(99)90021-8
Document Number: 532908
The search for the cause of chronic hepatitis among individuals with non-A to G hepatitis has led to the discovery of a post-transfusion hepatitis-related DNA virus, designated TT virus (TTV), which, based on viral sequences, belongs to a new virus family. The principal modes of infection with TTV are poorly understood, and its role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is unclear. To determine if injection drug use (IDU) and high-risk heterosexual activity (HRHA), principal modes of acquiring HIV-1 infection, place individuals at greater risk of acquiring TTV. The authors analyzed DNA, extracted from sera or filter paper-blotted whole blood, obtained during August 1997 and June 1998 from 324 Vietnamese (148 male; 176 female), for TTV sequences by hot-start, heminested polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence of TTV viremia was similar among individuals engaging in IDU or HRHA (23.4% vs. 20.2%; P > 0.5), with no age- or gender-specific differences. No association was found between TTV viremia and co-infection with HIV-1 or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Phylogenetic analysis of 30 TTV sequences revealed two distinct genotypes and four subtypes that did not segregate according to gender, HIV-1 and HCV risk behaviors, or geographic residence. Among HIV-1- or HCV-infected Vietnamese, who presumably acquired their infection by either the parenteral or nonparenteral route, the data indicate no clear association between acquisition of TTV infection and risk behavior for HIV-1 or HCV infection, suggesting that the usual route of TTV transmission in Vietnam is other than parenteral or sexual.

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