Physical examination of ruminants showing signs of abdominal pain
Meylan, M.; Eicher, R.; Steiner, A.
Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 141(9): 391-395
1999
ISSN/ISBN: 0036-7281 PMID: 10500411 Document Number: 510120
This paper presents a review of the pathogenesis of abdominal pain in ruminants, the complete clinical examination of animals with colic and the symptomatology of the different conditions producing abdominal pain. Further diagnostic procedures such as abdominal ultrasonography, explorative laparotomy and diagnostic laparoscopy are discussed.