Toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia
Tabbara, K.F.; Al-Omar, O.M.; Tawfik, A.; Al-Shammary, F.
Saudi Medical Journal 20(1): 46-49
1999
ISSN/ISBN: 0379-5284 PMID: 27605272 Document Number: 506486
The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and risk factors for, toxoplasmosis in Saudi Arabia and to study the geographical distribution of the disease. A stratified multi-stage random cluster design sampling was carried out and a statistical sample was selected defining primary sampling units in different regions of Saudi Arabia. The sampling plan incorporated urban and non-urban communities. Survey members were interviewed and examined in the field. The total response rate was 96%. Blood samples were obtained and subjected to toxoplasma double-sandwich immunoenzymatic assay, capturing the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies. The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis by serological screening was 32.7%. Cats in the neighborhood increased the risk of toxoplasmosis among children whilst socioeconomic status did not play a role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis. The prevalence of chorioretinal scars suggestive of toxoplasmosis in the general population was 1%, and 2.9% among toxoplasma positive individuals. Systemic toxoplasmosis is common in Saudi Arabia. One of 3 individuals showed evidence of exposure. Systemic toxoplasmosis was found among 32.7% of the population. Retinochoroiditic scarring was found among 2.9% of cases with systemic toxoplasmosis.